The Residentie Bachkoor was founded in 1872 and received its current name in 1964. From 1957 to 1994 it was led by conductor Gerard Akkerhuis, from 1995 to 2025 by Jos Vermunt. He was succeeded by Rodrigo Lluch in 2025. Central to the choir's repertoire is the work of composer Johann Sebastian Bach. Six times a year, the choir sings one of his cantatas during a special service held monthly in the Kloosterkerk in The Hague. In addition, one or more of Bach's major works are performed annually. In addition, the choir has built a broad repertoire that includes pieces by Handel, Mozart, Beethoven, Verdi, Bruckner, Brahms, Fauré, Poulenc, Elgar, Stravinsky and Britten (especially his War Requiem).

Besides its regular collaboration with the Residentie Bachorkest, the choir regularly performs with other orchestras. The choir regularly collaborates with the Residentie Orkest, for instance in performances of the St Matthew Passion, led by conductors such as Peter Schreier, Richard Egarr and Jan Willem de Vriend. Brahms' Schicksalslied, Beethoven's Ninth Symphony and Mahler's Second and Third Symphonies were performed with the Bellitoni Symphony Orchestra.

With some regularity, the Residentie Bachkoor tours Europe. In 2011, for instance, the choir made a concert tour to Vienna, where it sang in the Hofburgkapelle and Stephansdom. This was followed in 2016 by a visit to Dublin, which included a performance of the St John Passion.

Since 2007, the Residentie Bachkoor, together with the Residentie Kamerkoor, has provided musical accompaniment to the national commemoration of the Dutch victims who fell during World War II in Asia. The Residentie Bachkoor also contributed to the funeral and burial of members of the Dutch Royal House. In October 1997, the choir was awarded a Royal Medal of Honour on the occasion of its 125th anniversary.